NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 covers Classification of Resources, Sustainable Development, Resource Planning in India, Land Use Pattern, Land Degradation, and Soil Types in India.
Overview of Topics & Subtopics (Click to Jump)
1. Classification of Resources
Short Note:
• On the basis of Origin: Biotic (living, e.g., flora, fauna) and Abiotic (non-living, e.g., rocks, metals).
• On the basis of Exhaustibility: Renewable (solar, wind, water) and Non-Renewable (minerals, fossil fuels).
• On the basis of Ownership: Individual, Community, National, and International resources.
• On the basis of Status of Development: Potential, Developed, Stock, and Reserves.
2. Development of Resources & Sustainable Planning
Short Note:
• Sustainable Development: Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, without damaging the environment.
• Rio Earth Summit (1992): First International Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Adopted Agenda 21 to achieve global sustainable development.
• Resource Planning in India: Involves identification, mapping, evolving a structure with appropriate technology, and matching resource plans with overall national development goals.
3. Land Resources & Land Degradation in India
Short Note:
• Relief Features of India: Plains (43%), Mountains (30%), and Plateaus (27%).
• Causes of Land Degradation: Deforestation, overgrazing (Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP), mining (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh), and over-irrigation causing salinity (Punjab, Haryana).
• Conservation Measures: Afforestation, shelter belts, proper management of grazing, and control on mining activities.
4. Soil Types & Conservation Methods
Short Note:
• Major Soil Types:
- Alluvial Soil: Highly fertile, found in Northern Plains and Eastern coastal plains (Khadar and Bhangar).
- Black Soil (Regur): Ideal for cotton cultivation; rich in soil nutrients, found in Deccan trap.
- Red and Yellow Soil: Reddish color due to diffusion of iron in crystalline rocks.
- Laterite Soil: Formed under high temperature and heavy rainfall; leaching effect; good for tea, coffee, cashew nuts.
- Arid Soil: Sandy texture, saline nature, found in Western Rajasthan.
• Soil Conservation Methods: Contour ploughing, Terrace farming, Strip cropping, and Shelterbelts.
Intext & Conceptual Questions
2. Bhangar: Old alluvial soil, contains higher concentration of 'Kanker' nodules, less fertile, located above flood plains.
2. Its main objective is to achieve global sustainable development by combating environmental damage, poverty, and disease through global cooperation.
Textbook Chapter End Exercise Questions
1. Deforestation & Mining: In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, MP, and Odisha, mining activities leave deep scars and abandoned sites, leading to severe land degradation.
2. Overgrazing: In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra, excessive cattle grazing destroys vegetation cover and exposes soil to erosion.
3. Over-irrigation: In Punjab, Haryana, and Western UP, over-irrigation leads to waterlogging, increasing salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
1. Identification & Inventory: Surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation, and measurement of resources across the country.
2. Planning Structure: Developing a planning framework endowed with appropriate technology, skill, and institutional set-up to implement resource development plans.
3. National Alignment: Matching resource development plans with overall national development plans.
Major Soil Types: Alluvial soil, Black soil, Red and Yellow soil, Laterite soil, Arid soil, and Forest soil.
Characteristics of Black Soil:
1. It is fine-grained, clayey in nature, and famous for its capacity to retain moisture.
2. It is ideal for growing cotton and is rich in nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime.
Read More & Chapter Resources
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